Nomenclatura i fórmules dels hidrocarburs i compostos orgànics
CH₄ → Metà
CH₃–CH₃ → Età
CH₂=CH₂ → Etè (etilè)
CH≡CH → Etí (acetilè)
CH₃–CH₂–CH₃ → Propà
CH₃–CH=CH₂ → Propè (propen)
CH₃–C≡CH → Propí (propí)
CH₃–CH₂–OH → Etanol
CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–OH → 1-Propanol
CH₃–CO–CH₃ → Propanona (acetona)
H–CHO → Metanal (formaldehid)
CH₃–CHO → Etanal (acetaldehid)
CH₃–CH₂–O–CH₃ → Metoxietà
CH₃–O–CH₂–CH₃ → Etoximetà
CH₃–COOH → Àcid etanoic (àcid acètic)
CH₃–CH₂–COOH → Àcid propanoic
CH₃–COOCH₃ → Etanoat de metil
CH₃–COOCH₂CH₃ → Etanoat d’etil
CH₃–CH₂–CH=CH₂ → 1-Butè
CH₃–C≡C–CH₃ → 2-Butí
Metà → CH₄
Età → CH₃–CH₃
Etanal → CH₃–CHO
Etí → CH≡CH
Propà → CH₃–CH₂–CH₃
Propanal → CH₃–CH₂–CHO
Propí → CH₃–C≡CH
Etanol → CH₃–CH₂–OH
2-Propanol → CH₃–CHOH–CH₃
Propanona → CH₃–CO–CH₃
Metanal → H–CHO
3-Hexanona → CH₃–CH₂–CO–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
Propoxibutà → CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–O–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
4-Octanol → CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH(OH)–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
Àcid metanoic → H–COOH
Àcid etanoic → CH₃–COOH
Metanoat de metil → H–COOCH₃
Etanoat d’etil → CH₃–COOCH₂CH₃
1-Butè → CH₂=CH–CH₂–CH₃
2-Butí → CH₃–C≡C–CH₃
Metà → CH₄
Età → CH₃–CH₃
Propà → CH₃–CH₂–CH₃
Butà → CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
Etè (Etilè) → CH₂=CH₂
Propè → CH₃–CH=CH₂
1-Butè → CH₂=CH–CH₂–CH₃
2-Butè → CH₃–CH=CH–CH₃
Etí (Acetilè) → CH≡CH
Propí → CH₃–C≡CH
2-Butí → CH₃–C≡C–CH₃
Metanol → CH₃–OH
Etanol → CH₃–CH₂–OH
1-Propanol → CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–OH
2-Propanol → CH₃–CHOH–CH₃
1-Butanol → CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–OH
Metanal (formaldehid) → H–CHO
Etanal (acetaldehid) → CH₃–CHO
Propanal → CH₃–CH₂–CHO
Propanona (acetona) → CH₃–CO–CH₃
(pot aparèixer també) Butanona → CH₃–CO–CH₂–CH₃
Àcid metanoic (fòrmic) → H–COOH
Àcid etanoic (acètic) → CH₃–COOH
Àcid propanoic → CH₃–CH₂–COOH
Metanoat de metil → H–COOCH₃
Etanoat de metil → CH₃–COOCH₃
Etanoat d’etil → CH₃–COOCH₂CH₃
Metà (CH₄):
H
|
H–C–H
|
H
Propà (C₃H₈):
| | |
H–C–C–C–H
| | |
H H H
Pentà (C₅H₁₂):
| | | | |
H–C–C–C–C–C–H
| | | | |
H H H H H
Nonà (C₉H₂₀):
| | | | | | | | |
H–C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C–H
| | | | | | | | |
H H H H H H H H H
Fórmules simplificades:
Età: CH₃CH₃
Propà: CH₃CH₂CH₃
Butà: CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
Pentà: CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
Fórmules semidesenvolupades:
Etè: CH₂=CH₂
Propè: CH₂=CH–CH₃
1-butè: CH₂=CH–CH₂–CH₃
2-butè: CH₃–CH=CH–CH₃
1-pentè: CH₂=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
2-pentè: CH₃–CH=CH–CH₂–CH₃
1-hexè: CH₂=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
2-hexè: CH₃–CH=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
1-heptè: CH₂=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
3-heptè: CH₃–CH₂–CH=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
CH₂=CH₂: Etè
CH₂=CH–CH₃: Propè
CH₂=CH–CH₂–CH₃: 1-butè
CH₃–CH=CH–CH₃: 2-butè
CH₂=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 1-pentè
CH₃–CH=CH–CH₂–CH₃: 2-pentè
CH₂=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 1-hexè
CH₃–CH=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 2-hexè
CH₂=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 1-heptè
CH₃–CH₂–CH=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 3-heptè
1-etí: HC≡CH
1-propí: HC≡C–CH₃
1-butí: HC≡C–CH₂–CH₃
2-butí: CH₃–C≡C–CH₃
1-pentí: HC≡C–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
2-pentí: CH₃–C≡C–CH₂–CH₃
1-hexí: HC≡C–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
2-hexí: CH₃–C≡C–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
1-heptí: HC≡C–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
3-heptí: CH₃–CH₂–C≡C–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
HC≡CH: Etí
HC≡C–CH₃: Propí
HC≡C–CH₂–CH₃: 1-butí
CH₃–C≡C–CH₃: 2-butí
HC≡C–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 1-pentí
CH₃–CH₂–C≡C–CH₃: 2-pentí
HC≡C–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 1-hexí
CH₃–C≡C–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 2-hexí
HC≡C–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 1-heptí
CH₃–CH₂–C≡C–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 3-heptí
1-metanol: CH₃–OH
1-etanol: CH₃–CH₂–OH
1-propanol: CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–OH
2-propanol: CH₃–CHOH–CH₃
1-butanol: CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–OH
2-butanol: CH₃–CH₂–CHOH–CH₃
1-pentanol: CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–OH
3-pentanol: CH₃–CH₂–CHOH–CH₂–CH₃
1-hexanol: CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–OH
2-hexanol: CH₃–CH₂–CHOH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
CH₃–OH: Metanol
CH₃–CH₂–OH: Etanol
CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–OH: 1-propanol
CH₃–CHOH–CH₃: 2-propanol
CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–OH: 1-butanol
CH₃–CH₂–CHOH–CH₃: 2-butanol
CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–OH: 1-pentanol
CH₃–CH(OH)–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 3-pentanol
CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–OH: 1-hexanol
CH₃–CH₂–CH(OH)–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃: 2-hexanol
H–CHO: Metanal
CH₃–CHO: Etanal
CH₃–CH₂–CHO: Propanal
CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CHO: Butanal
CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CHO: Pentanal
CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CHO: Hexanal
CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CHO: Heptanal
Propanona: CH₃–CO–CH₃
2-butanona: CH₃–CO–CH₂–CH₃
3-pentanona: CH₃–CH₂–CO–CH₂–CH₃
2-pentanona: CH₃–CO–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
3-hexanona: CH₃–CH₂–CO–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃